UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 000-55323

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (760) 788-4700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: N/A

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes ☐ No ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

At June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of Common Shares held by non-affiliates of Mentor Capital, Inc. (based upon the closing sale price of such shares on OTCQB) was $571,080. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director and each person who owns more than 10% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded because these persons may be deemed to be affiliates. The determination of affiliate status for the purpose of this calculation is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

At March 28, 2024, there were 24,686,105 shares of Mentor Capital, Inc.’s Common Stock outstanding and 11 shares of Series Q Preferred Stock outstanding.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act 1934, as amended. All statements contained in this report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “look,” “hope,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, acquisition plans, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. For example, statements in this Form 10-K regarding the potential future impact of inflation, interest rate increases, tax increases, recession, climate regulation, the COVID-19 outbreak, economic sanctions, cybersecurity risks, evolving and sophisticated cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems, increased risk to oil markets, potential banking crises, future weakness in the credit markets, increased rates of default and bankruptcy, political change, and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, and the Israel-Hamas war on the Company’s business and results of operations are forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:” Moreover, due to our past investments, or current involvement in oil, gas, coal, or uranium related industry or other industries, we may be subject to heightened scrutiny and, as a result, our portfolio companies may be subject to additional laws, rules, regulations, and statutes. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Form 10-K may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

All references in this Form 10-K to the “Company,” “Mentor,” “we,” “us,” or “our,” are to Mentor Capital, Inc.

MENTOR CAPITAL, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1. Business.

Corporate History and Background

Mentor Capital, Inc. (“Mentor” or “the Company”), which reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in September 2015, was founded as an investment partnership in Silicon Valley, California by the current CEO in 1985. The Company was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1994 as Main Street Athletic Clubs, Inc. and operated a small chain of athletic clubs, a trucking company, and food companies, among other things. On September 12, 1996, our Offering Statement was qualified pursuant to Regulation A under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 and on March 12, 1997 we began to trade publicly. In 1997, the Company changed its name to Main Street AC, Inc. and merged with a group of approximately fifteen oil and gas partnerships which proved to be unsuccessful. In 1998 we entered a Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in the Northern District of California due to a need to decrease oil and gas related debt in excess of asset value.

As we emerged from bankruptcy, the court allowed the original issuance of approximately $145 Million in warrants to the Company’s claimants and creditors. The warrants were in (4) four classes, have been reset to lower prices, and have been principally exercised at $0.09, $0.11, $0.65, $1.00, $1.60, and $7.00 per share. On October 14, 2023 the Board of Directors authorized the reset of the Series D warrants strike price to $0.02 per share subject to the assignment of the requesting shareholders and Company approved parties for a $0.10 per warrant redemption fee in accordance with the court-approved plan of reorganization. Designees that redeem and exercise such Series D warrants would pay $0.12 per share. For original holders, the remaining outstanding Series D warrants are exercisable at $0.02 per share plus a $0.10 warrant redemption fee, if applicable. The amount of proceeds received from exercised warrants may be limited by the general status of the economy and the price per share of our regular shares of Common Stock. Warrant holders are more likely to exercise warrants at $0.02 per warrant share if the shares of our Common Stock are priced above $0.02 per share. The greater the share price and the longer the Company’s Common Stock share price is above $0.02, the more likely warrant holders will be willing to exercise their warrants.

On February 9, 2015, in accordance with Section 1145 of the United States Bankruptcy Code and the Company’s Third Amended Plan of Reorganization (“Plan of Reorganization”), the Company announced a minimum 30 day partial redemption of up to 1% of the already outstanding Series D warrants to provide for the court specified redemption mechanism for warrants not exercised timely by the original holder or their estates. Company designees that applied during the 30 days paid 10 cents per warrant to redeem the warrant and then exercised the Series D warrant to purchase a share of the Company’s Common Stock at the court-specified formula of not more than one-half of the closing bid price on the day preceding the 30 day exercise period. In successive months, the authorized partial warrant redemption amount was recalculated, and the redemption offer repeated according to the court formula. In the Company’s October 7, 2016 press release, Mentor stated that the 1% redemptions which were formerly priced on a calendar month schedule would subsequently be initiated and priced on a random date schedule after the prior 1% redemption was completed to prevent potential third-party manipulation of share prices at month-end. The periodic partial redemptions could continue to be recalculated and repeated until such unexercised warrants are exhausted, or the partial redemption is otherwise paused or truncated by the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, no warrants were redeemed.

The Bankruptcy Court approved Plan of Reorganization allows all the warrants and shares that are issued upon exercise of the warrants to trade freely under an exemption provided by Section 1145 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. We received an SEC “No Comment” letter and our Plan of Reorganization was confirmed January 11, 2000. The SEC’s letter is not and should not be interpreted as approval of the Company’s Disclosure Statement or Plan of Reorganization.

Developments

Our general business operations are intended to provide management consultation and headquarters functions, especially with regard to funding, accounting, and audits, for our majority-owned subsidiaries, which makes up most of our holdings. We monitor our less than majority positions for value and investment security. Management also spends considerable effort reviewing possible acquisition candidates on an ongoing basis.

The Company was originally founded as an investment partnership in Silicon Valley, by the current CEO in 1985. The partnership acquired a salsa factory, bakery, trucking company, tortilla chip plant, and an athletic club chain. The former investment partnership was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on July 29, 1994 and on September 12, 1996, the Company’s offering statement was qualified under Regulation A of the Securities Act of 1933 and began to trade its shares publicly. The Company relocated to San Diego, California, and contracted to provide financial assistance and investment in small businesses. On September 24, 2015, the Company redomiciled from California to Delaware by merging the California Mentor Capital, Inc. corporation into a newly formed Delaware entity, Mentor Capital, Inc. Following the merger, the Company is governed under the laws of the State of Delaware. In September 2020, Mentor relocated its corporate office from San Diego, California, to Plano, Texas.

In the public arena, the Company continues its diverse investment activities. These include the acquisition of oil and gas partnerships, New York Stock Exchange gas trading company mini-tender offers, ATM ownership, cancer immunotherapy investment, equipment financing, intellectual property investment, litigation financing, investment in a dispute resolution company, and discounted funding of annuity-like fund flows. Most recently, from its new Texas base, the Company has signaled a substantial return to its energy roots, starting with a tracking investment in five New York Stock Exchange energy companies in the oil and gas, coal, and uranium markets. These five energy company stock holdings had a current combined stock value that equaled approximately 40% of the Company’s market capitalization at December 31, 2023.

Discontinued Operation – Facilities Operations Segment

On October 4, 2023, we sold and completely divested our majority controlling 51% interest in Waste Consolidators Inc. (“WCI”), our facilities operations segment, that provides waste management and disposal services, including waste consolidation, bulk item pickup, general property maintenance, and one-time clean-up services to business park owners, governmental centers, and apartment complexes in Phoenix, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas. Following the sale, the Company received no new income from WCI and had no further involvement or continuing influence over its operations. WCI is now reported as a discontinued operation. WCI has been a long-standing investment, but it no longer aligns with the Company’s central business focus in the energy sector. The proceeds from the sale of our WCI shares provided the Company with capital to seek out new business opportunities in the classic energy space.

Electrum Partners, LLC

Electrum Partners, LLC (“Electrum”) is a Nevada-based consulting, investment, and management company. On November 18, 2022, Mentor received $459,990 from Electrum in a consolidated settlement of one equity, one recovery purchase, and two secured capital agreements. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

Mentor IP, LLC

On April 18, 2016, the Company formed Mentor IP, LLC (“MCIP”), a South Dakota limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor. MCIP held interests related to patent rights for an — 80% / 20% domestic and 50% / 50% foreign economic interest with R. L. Larson for vape pens under the provisions of United States patent law and the Patent Cooperation Treaty of 1970, as amended. Patent application and maintenance fees have been expensed when paid and there were no assets related to the MCIP patents represented on the condensed consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. On October 24, 2023, the Company divested Mentor IP, LLC’s intellectual property and licensing rights related to the United States and the Canadian patent associated with vape pens. The Company received no payment for its divestment. Patent application national phase maintenance fees were expensed when paid and there were no assets related to MCIP patents represented on the consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Activity had been limited to payment of patent application maintenance fees in Canada.

NeuCourt, Inc.

NeuCourt, Inc. (“NeuCourt”) is a Delaware corporation that is developing a technology that is expected to be useful to the dispute resolution industry.

On July 15, 2022, the Company and NeuCourt entered into an Exchange Agreement whereby the Company’s outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest, in an aggregate net amount of $83,755.99, was exchanged for a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) in equal face value. On January 20, 2023, the Company and NeuCourt entered into a SAFE Purchase Agreement, increasing the Company’s aggregate SAFE Purchase Amount to $93,756. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the SAFE Purchase Amount was $93,756 and $83,756, respectively. See Note 7.

On December 21, 2018, the Company purchased 500,000 shares of NeuCourt Common Stock, approximately 6.13% of the issued and outstanding NeuCourt shares at December 31, 2023.

Mentor Partner I, LLC

Mentor Partner I, LLC (“Partner I”) was reorganized under the laws of the State of Texas in February 2021. Partner I originally held the contractual rights to lease payments from G FarmaLabs Limited (“G Farma”), and now the related settlement and judgment. In 2018, Mentor contributed $996,000 of capital to Partner I to facilitate the purchase of manufacturing equipment to be leased from Partner I by G Farma and related entities (collectively, the “G Farma Entities”), under a Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2018, as amended. Partner I acquired and delivered manufacturing equipment as selected by G Farma Entities under sales-type finance leases. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Mentor withdrew no capital from Partner I. Partner I did not have any sales revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022. There was no interest income recognized from Partner I finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The finance leases resulting from this investment have been fully impaired as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, due to circumstances described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

Mentor Partner II, LLC

Mentor Partner II, LLC (“Partner II”) was reorganized under the laws of the State of Texas in February 2021. Partner II originally held the contractual rights to lease payments from Pueblo West Organics, LLC (“Pueblo West”) which was paid off on September 28, 2022. On February 8, 2018, Mentor contributed $400,000 to Partner II to facilitate the purchase of manufacturing equipment to be leased from Partner II by Pueblo West, under a Master Equipment Lease Agreement, dated February 11, 2018. On March 12, 2019, Mentor agreed to use Partner II earnings of $61,368 to facilitate the purchase of additional manufacturing equipment to Pueblo West under a Second Amendment to the lease. On September 27, 2022, Pueblo West exercised its lease prepayment option and purchased the manufacturing equipment for $245,369. On September 28, 2022 Partner II transferred full title to the equipment to Pueblo West. See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Mentor withdrew capital of $0 and $326,893, respectively, from Partner II. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Partner II recognized finance revenue of $0 and $37,659, respectively. See Note 9.

TWG, LLC

On October 4, 2022, the Company formed TWG, LLC (“TWG”), a Texas limited liability company, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor in order to prepare to fulfill certain February 16, 2022 modification agreement performance obligations related to installment payments the Company receives from a non-affiliated party.

Overview

The Company maintains a diverse and opportunistic acquisition focus. It sold its former legacy investment in the former facilities operations segment and continues looking to expand into the classic energy markets of oil, gas, coal, uranium, and related markets.

The Company continually works to identify potential acquisitions and investments. While evaluating whether an acquisition may be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, no transaction will be announced until that transaction is certain.

Competition

We face formidable competition in every aspect of our business. There are many companies that are interested in investing in target companies, similar to our energy focus, and many of them are well-funded companies.

Employees

Continuing Operation

Mentor and its subsidiaries combined have two full-time corporate office employees. After Mentor relocated its corporate office from San Diego, California, to Plano, Texas in September 2020 it began working with outside professional consultants as needed. The corporate office employees have relied heavily on outside CPA, payroll, tax, facilities, corporate counsel, and other professional support to provide administrative support for its discontinued operation, MCIP, Partner I, Partner II, and TWG operations, and the energy sector.

Discontinued Operation

Prior to its sale on October 4, 2023, our discontinued operation had approximately 66 full-time employees in Phoenix, Arizona, 19 full-time employees in San Antonio and Austin, Texas, 2 full-time employees in Houston, Texas, and 2 full-time employees in Dallas, Texas.

Available Information About Registrant

We have voluntarily registered our securities under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and such registration became effective January 19, 2015. Since that date, we have filed quarterly, annual, and current reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The SEC maintains an Internet site containing reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

Our periodic reports and other required disclosures are available at our company website located at: www.MentorCapital.com.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating our business since it operates in a highly challenging and complex business environment that involves numerous risks, some of which are beyond our control. The following discussion highlights a few of these risk factors, any one of which may have a significant adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

As a result of the risk factors set forth below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, and the risks discussed in our Rule 15c2-11, previous quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and other publicly disclosed submissions, actual results could differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

We face significant risks, and the risks described below may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do not know of or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the events or circumstances described in the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed, and the trading price of our Common Stock could decline.

Variable financial conditions can be challenging.

Management has noted challenging financial conditions. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we experienced significant cash flows challenges prior to our sale of our discontinued operation. Securing additional sources of financing to enable us to continue investing in our target markets will be difficult, and there is no assurance of our ability to secure such financing. A failure to obtain additional financing, or to continue to generate capital from the sale of operating businesses and assets, or to generate positive cash flow from operations could prevent us from continuing to seek out and invest in new companies.

Mentor will continue to attempt to raise capital resources from both related and unrelated parties. Management’s plans include monetizing existing mature business projects and increasing revenues through acquisition, investment, and organic growth. Management anticipates funding new activities by raising additional capital through the sale of equity securities and debt.

A failure to obtain financing could prevent us from executing our business plan.

We anticipate that current cash resources and opportunities will be sufficient for us to execute our business plan for five years after the date these financial statements are issued. We believe that securing substantial additional sources of financing is possible, but there is no assurance of our ability to secure such financing. A failure to obtain additional financing could prevent us from making necessary expenditures for advancement and growth to partner with businesses and hire additional personnel. If we raise additional financing by selling equity, or convertible debt securities, the relative equity ownership of our existing investors could be diluted, or the new investors could obtain terms more favorable than previous investors. If we raise additional funds through debt financing, we could incur significant borrowing costs and be subject to adverse consequences in the event of a default.

Management voluntarily transitioned to a fully reporting company and spends considerable time meeting the associated reporting obligations.

Management operated Mentor Capital, Inc. as a non-reporting public company for over 26 years and eight years ago voluntarily transitioned to reporting company status subject to financial and other SEC-required disclosures. Prior to such voluntary transition, management had not been required to prepare and make such required disclosures. As a reporting company, we may be subject to the Securities and Exchange Act, as amended (“Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and other securities rules and regulations. If we were listed on an Exchange, we would be subject to the rules of the Exchange on which we were listed. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating activities. Preparing and filing periodic reports imposes a significant expense, time, and reporting burden on management. This distraction can divert management from its operation of the business to the detriment of core operations.

Investors may suffer risk of dilution following exercise of warrants for cash.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 24,686,105 outstanding shares of its Common Stock trading at approximately $0.062. As of the same date, the Company also had 4,250,000 outstanding Series D warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock at $0.02 per share. These Series D warrants do not have a cashless exercise feature. The Company anticipates that the warrants may be increasingly exercised anytime the per share price of the Company’s Common Stock is greater than $0.24 per share. Exercise of these Series D warrants may result in immediate and potentially substantial dilution to current holders of the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, the Company has 413,512 outstanding Series H warrants with a per share exercise price of $7.00 held by an investment bank and its affiliates. These $7.00 Series H warrants include a cashless exercise feature. Current and future shareholders may suffer dilution of their investment and equity ownership if any of the warrant holders elect to exercise their warrants.

Beginning on February 9, 2015, in accordance with Section 1145 of the United States Bankruptcy Code and in accordance with the Company’s court-approved Plan of Reorganization, the Company announced that it would allow for partial redemption of up to 1% per month of the outstanding Series D warrants to provide for the court specified redemption mechanism for warrants not exercised timely by the original holder or their estates. Company designees that apply during the redemption period must pay 10 cents per warrant to redeem the warrants and then exercise the Series D warrant to purchase a share of the Company’s Common Stock. The 1% partial redemption may continue to be periodically repeated according to the court formula until such unexercised warrants are exhausted or the partial redemption is otherwise suspended or truncated by the Company. Existing shareholders may suffer dilution if any warrants are exercised as a result of the Company’s partial redemption offering. There were no warrant redemptions in 2023 or 2022.

Our business model is to partner with or acquire other companies.

We aim to find businesses whose products, managers, technology, or other factors we like and acquire or invest in those businesses. While we are open to investing in a diverse portfolio of entities across the energy sector, there is no certainty that we will find suitable partners or that we will be able to engage in transactions on advantageous terms with the partners we identify. There is also no certainty that we will be able to consummate future transactions on favorable terms, or any new transaction at all. To date, several of our acquisitions/investments have not turned out well for us.

We may have to work harder to introduce rigor in our transactions.

Many of the people and entities with whom we engage may not be used to operating in business transactions in a public environment. Therefore, in order to discharge our fiduciary and disclosure obligations we may have to work harder to satisfy good business practices. Entities and persons operating in private industry may be unaccustomed to entering into lengthy written agreements or keeping financial records according to GAAP. Additionally, entities and persons with whom we had engaged may not pay particular attention to the obligations including their obligations associated with employee retention tax credit and economic injury disaster loan programs with which they have agreed in written contracts. We have experienced or may experience differences of this manner with several different entities with whom we do business, including several entities which failed to comply with common law contractual obligations, which led us into litigation and other legal remedies.

We depend on our key personnel and may have difficulty attracting and retaining the skilled staff and outside professionals we need to execute our growth plans.

Our success will be dependent largely upon the personal efforts of our Chief Executive Officer, Chet Billingsley. The loss of Mr. Billingsley could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. Currently, we have two full-time employees, and we substantially rely on the services provided by outside professionals. To execute our plans, we will have to retain our current employees and work with outside professionals that we believe will help us achieve our goals. Competition for recruiting and retaining highly skilled employees with technical, management, marketing, sales, product development, and other specialized training is intense. We may not be successful in employing and retaining such qualified personnel. Specifically, we may experience increased costs in order to retain skilled employees. If we are unable to retain experienced employees and the services of outside professionals as needed, we may be unable to execute our business plan.

Founder and CEO Chet Billingsley, along with other members of the Company’s Board of Directors, have considerable control over the company through their aggregate ownership of 14.23% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock on a fully diluted basis.

As of March 28, 2024, Mr. Billingsley owned approximately 7.51% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock on a fully diluted basis. Together with other members of the Company’s Board of Directors, the management of the Company owns approximately 14.23% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock on a fully diluted basis. Mr. Billingsley holds 47,274 Series D warrants, exercisable at $0.02 per share. Robert Meyer, David Carlile, and Lori Stansfield, directors of the Company, hold an aggregate of 631,455 Series D warrants exercisable at $0.02 per share. Due to the large number of shares of Common Stock owned by Mr. Billingsley and the directors of the Company, management has considerable ability to exercise control over the Company and matters submitted for shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company. Additionally, due to his position as CEO and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Billingsley has the ability to control the management and affairs of the Company. The Company’s directors and Mr. Billingsley owe a fiduciary duty to our shareholders and must act in good faith in a manner each reasonably believes to be in the best interests of our shareholders. As shareholders, Mr. Billingsley and the other directors are entitled to vote their shares in their own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our shareholders generally.

There is a limited market for our Common Stock.

Our Common Stock is not listed on any exchange and trades on the OTC Markets OTCQB system. As such, the market for our Common Stock is limited and is not regulated by the rules and regulations of any exchange. Freely trading shares of even fully reporting OTCBQ companies receive careful scrutiny by brokers who may require legal opinion letters, proof of consideration, medallion guarantees, or expensive fee payments before accepting or declining share deposits. Further, the price of our Common Stock and its volume in the market may be subject to wide fluctuations. Our stock price could decline regardless of our actual operating performance, and stockholders could lose a substantial part of their investment as a result of industry or market-based fluctuations. Our stock may trade relatively thinly. If a more active public market for our stock is not sustained, it may be difficult for stockholders to sell shares of our Common Stock. Because we do not now pay cash dividends on our Common Stock, stockholders may not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they are able to sell them. The market price of our Common Stock will likely fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including but not limited to the following:

● sales, sales cycle, and market acceptance or rejection of our affiliates’ products;

● our ability to engage with partners who are successful in selling products;

● economic conditions within our markets;

● the timing of announcements by us or our competitors of significant products, contracts or acquisitions or publicity regarding actual or potential results or performance thereof;

● domestic and international economic, business, and political conditions;

● justified or unjustified adverse publicity; and

● proper or improper third-party short sales or other manipulation of our stock.

We have a long business and corporate existence.

We began in Silicon Valley in 1985 as a limited partnership and operated as Mentor Capital, LP until we incorporated in California in 1994. We were privately owned until September 1996; at which time our Common Stock began trading on the Over The Counter Pink Sheets. Our merger and acquisition and business development activities have spanned many business sectors, and we went through a bankruptcy reorganization in 1998. In late 2015, we reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. We have operated in several different industries over our existence but do not have brand recognition within any one industry.

General Risk Factors

Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements.

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that relate to future events or future financial performance. When used in this report, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “seeks,” “looks,” “hopes,” “plans,” “predicts,” “expects,” “estimates,” “intends,” “will,” “continue,” “may,” “potential,” “should” and similar expressions. These statements are only expressions of expectation. Our actual results could, and likely will, differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth above and elsewhere in this report and including factors unanticipated by us and not included herein. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these statements. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. Where required by applicable law, we will undertake to update any disclosures or forward-looking statements.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitive position would be adversely affected.

We and our partners and subsidiaries intend to rely on patent protection, trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements with our employees and others to protect our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, unauthorized third parties may copy our, and our affiliates’ and partners’, products and services or reverse engineer or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Our means of protecting our, and our affiliates’ and partners’, proprietary rights may not be adequate, and third parties may infringe or misappropriate our, and our affiliates’ and partners’, patents, copyrights, trademarks, and similar proprietary rights. If we, or our affiliates and partners, fail to protect intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would suffer. We believe that neither we nor our affiliates and partners infringe upon the proprietary rights of any third party, and no third party has asserted an infringement claim against us. It is possible, however, that such a claim might be asserted successfully against us in the future. We may be forced to suspend our operations to pay significant amounts to defend our rights, and a substantial amount of the attention of our management may be diverted from our ongoing business, all of which would materially adversely affect our business.

We face rapid change.

The market for our partners’ and subsidiaries’ products and services is characterized by rapidly changing laws, technologies, and the introduction of new products and services. We believe that our future success will depend in part upon our ability to invest in companies that develop and enhance products and services offered in the energy and dispute resolution industries. There can be no assurance that our partners and subsidiaries will be able to develop and introduce new products and services or enhance initial products in a timely manner to satisfy customer needs, achieve market acceptance or address technological changes in our target markets. Failure to develop products and services and introduce them successfully and in a timely manner could adversely affect our competitive position, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we experience rapid growth, we will need to manage such growth well.

We may experience substantial growth in the size of our staff and the scope of our operations, resulting in increased responsibilities for management. To manage this possible growth effectively, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management information systems, will possibly need to create departments that do not now exist, and hire, train, motivate and manage a growing number of staff. Due to a competitive employment environment for qualified accounting, technical, marketing, and sales personnel, we expect to experience difficulty in filling our needs for qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to effectively achieve or manage any future growth, and our failure to do so could delay product development cycles and market penetration or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could face product liability risks and may not have adequate insurance.

Our partners’ and affiliates’ products may be used for sensitive purposes. We may become the subject of litigation alleging that our partners’ and affiliates’ products were ineffective or unsafe. Thus, we may become the target of lawsuits from injured or disgruntled customers or other users. We intend to, but do not now, carry product and liability insurance, but in the event that we are required to defend more than a few such actions, or in the event we are found liable in connection with such an action, our business and operations may be severely and materially adversely affected.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have a material adverse effect on our stock price.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the SEC require annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to adequately maintain compliance with, or maintain the adequacy of, our internal control over financial reporting, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the SEC. If we cannot favorably assess our internal controls over financial reporting, investor confidence in the reliability of our financial reports may be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price.

We have indemnified our officers and directors.

We have indemnified our officers and directors against possible monetary liability to the maximum extent permitted under California and Delaware law. The managers of Mentor Partner I, LLC, Mentor Partner II, LLC, and TWG, LLC have been indemnified to the maximum extent permitted under Texas law.

The worldwide economy could impact the company in numerous ways.

The effects of negative worldwide economic events, such as the impact of inflation, interest rate increases, tariff increases, recession, potential banking crises, cybersecurity risks, evolving and sophisticated cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain access to our information technology systems, the outbreak of war in Ukraine, the Israel-Hamas war, product and labor shortages, increased risk to oil markets, and a global economic slowdown may cause disruptions and extreme volatility in global financial markets, increased rates of default and bankruptcy, political change, impact levels of consumer spending, and may impact our business, operating results, or financial condition. The ongoing worldwide economic situation, future weakness in the credit markets, and significant liquidity problems for the financial services industries may also impact our financial condition in a number of ways. For example, current or potential customers may delay or decrease spending with us, or our partners and affiliates may not pay us, or our partners or affiliates may delay paying us or our partners or affiliates for previously purchased products and services. Also, we may have difficulties in securing additional financing.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity. 

We have not experienced a material cybersecurity incident that has jeopardized the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information systems or information residing in such information systems as defined under 17 C.F.R. § 229.106(a). If such an incident were to occur, we would work expeditiously to mitigate our damages as soon as such an incident is detected by implementing our risk management and cybersecurity plan in concert with our established cybersecurity response team. A cybersecurity incident would be reported to the Company’s Chairman of the Board and our general counsel, who would determine whether such incident or event was material. If such an incident or event is material, it would be reported to our Board of Directors and Audit Committee.

The Company maintains cybersecurity risk management, disaster readiness, and business continuity plans to anticipate potential threats and mitigate the probability of cybersecurity risks by establishing alerts, preemptive measures, and cybersecurity response protocols. We have set up information technology risk management alert programs that are routinely received and reviewed by management and our information technology professionals. We have implemented protocols and procedures to protect the privacy, safety, and security of our data and information technology. We routinely assess our cybersecurity risk while working in consultation with our information technology professionals. In addition to alerts, our information technology professionals provide risk management monitoring and support along with twenty-four-hour dedicated support for the Company. They possess expertise across multiple industries, including support of Department of Defense contractors in the United States. The Company does not share confidential information with third parties unless required by law. In such instances, the Company utilizes encryption methods to protect confidential information. The Company ensures that such information is given to such third parties in a responsible manner that would not disclose such confidential information to unintended recipients. Due to the nature of the Company’s operations, the instance of the Company’s receipt of confidential information is minimal, infrequent, and immaterial.

Our cybersecurity disaster readiness plan is implemented and managed by our assistant corporate secretary, who reports to the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Management oversees our cybersecurity risk and our disaster recovery and business continuity plan in order to consider, mitigate, and plan for the preemption of cybersecurity risks that may arise. Our assistant corporate secretary was formerly responsible for information technology, risk management, and cybersecurity at an Am Law 100 law firm in San Diego. She authored and implemented the firm’s disaster readiness and business continuity protocols and managed the firm’s information technology operations prior to her implementation of these similar risk management protocols at the Company in consultation with cybersecurity experts for the purpose of mitigating the Company’s risk and ensuring best practices. Our assistant corporation secretary is responsible for reporting risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats, including compliance with disclosure requirements, to the Chairman of the Board and our general counsel for consideration. The Chairman of the Board determines the necessity of discussing cyber risks. Material incidents would be reported to the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee.

The Company’s business strategy, results of operations, and financial condition have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, and we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents. Our ability to manage our cybersecurity risks does not allow us to predict our cybersecurity vulnerability to ordinary, novel, or sophisticated cyber-attacks and cyber warfare threats in the future. As a result, we cannot provide future assurances that we will not be materially affected by cybersecurity risks or material cybersecurity incidents in the future. For more information on the risks that the Company faces, including cybersecurity-related risks, see our Item 1A Risk Factors section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Properties.

Continuing Operations

Mentor rented 2,000 square feet of office space for $2,990 per month under a one-year lease in San Diego, California, which expired in September 2020. Mentor relocated to Plano, Texas, in September 2020 and now reimburses facilities costs of $2,456 per month to the property owners, the Billingsley family. Reimbursable facilities costs have not increased since 2020. The Company does not pay rent. The Company’s San Diego rent and facilities costs formerly totaled $4,408 per month.

MCIP, Partner I, Partner II, and TWG office and administrative support are provided by Mentor in its Plano, Texas corporate offices.

Discontinued Operation

Our discontinued operation and former facilities segment, Waste Consolidators, Inc. (“WCI”), managed our former Arizona and Texas operations from Phoenix, Arizona, where it leased 5,603 square feet of office and warehouse space pursuant to a Multi-Lessee Industrial Net Lease effected September 15, 2022, for an initial lease term of sixty-one months commencing on October 1, 2022. The monthly base rent was $5,603 for the period October 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023. On October 1, 2022, our discontinued operation also paid its monthly pro rata share (3.89% of total rental square footage estimated at $1,289 per month or $0.23 per square foot per month) of the annual common area operating expenses and common area improvements incurred by the landlord. Previously, our discontinued operation managed its Arizona and Texas business from Tempe, Arizona, where it leased approximately 3,000 square feet of office and warehouse space for $2,200 per month under an operating lease that expired in January 2021 and was amended February 18, 2021, to extend the lease through February 2023. The monthly rent under the extended lease was $2,350 per month for the first year of the lease and $2,500 per month for the second year of the lease. On January 1, 2022, our discontinued operation also paid its monthly pro rata share (1.90% of total rentable square footage) of the common area operating expenses increase over the common area operating expenses incurred by the landlord in the calendar year 2021. On October 4, 2023, the Company sold its 51% equity interest in WCI. See Note 3.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

G FarmaLabs Limited

On August 27, 2021, the Company and Mentor Partner I settled certain litigation with G FarmaLabs Limited, a Nevada corporation, and certain of its affiliates (the “G Farma Settlors”). The G Farma Settlors partially performed, and then breached, the Settlement Agreement.

Consequently, in February 2023, the Company and Mentor Partner I filed a Request for Entry of Judgment seeking entry of a stipulated judgment against the G Farma Settlors for (1) the remaining unpaid settlement amount of $494,450 promised, all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, and an additional $2,000,000 principal amount as agreed in the Settlement Agreement, (2) the Company’s incurred costs, and (3) attorneys’ fees paid by the Company to obtain the judgment. On July 11, 2023, the Court entered judgment against the G Farma Settlors and in favor of Mentor and Partner I in the amount of $2,539,597, which is comprised of $2,494,450 principal (calculated as the aggregate settlement amount, less payments made by the G Farma Settlors, plus the default addition) plus accrued and unpaid interest of $40,219, costs of $1,643, and attorneys’ fees of $3,285 incurred by Mentor and Mentor Partner I in connection with obtaining the judgment. The judgment also accrues post-judgment interest at the rate of 10% from July 11, 2023, until such time as the judgment is paid in full.

The Company has retained the reserve on the unpaid notes receivable balance and collections of the unpaid lease receivable balance due to the long history of uncertain payments from G Farma and the G Farma Settlors. Payments recovered will be reported as Other income in the consolidated income statements. The $2,539,597 judgment and interest receivable of $120,370 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, is fully reserved pending the outcome of the Company’s collection process. See Notes 8, 9, and 18 to this Annual Report and Notes 8, 9, and 20 to the Company’s Annual Report for the period ended December 31, 2022, on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2023. We will continue to pursue collection from the G Farma Settlors over time.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our shares of Common Stock are traded on the Over-The-Counter OTCQB The Venture Market (“OTCQB”) under the symbol “MNTR”.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for our Common Stock as reported on the OTC Markets. This information reflects inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, markdown, or commission and may not represent actual transactions.

Holders

As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 6,185 registered holders of record of our Common Stock. As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of 24,686,105 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, 11 shares of Series Q Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, 4,250,000 Series D warrants outstanding, which are exercisable for 4,250,000 shares of Common Stock, and 413,512 Series H warrants outstanding which are exercisable for 413,512 shares of Common Stock.

Dividend Policy

We have not declared or paid cash dividends or made distributions in the past although we may pay cash dividends or make distributions in the future on preferred and common shares.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On August 8, 2014, the Company announced that it was initiating the repurchase of 300,000 shares of its Common Stock (approximately 2% of the Company’s common shares outstanding at that time). A total of 44,748 shares were repurchased between August 8, 2014 and September 9, 2015. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, 300,000 and 44,748 shares have been repurchased, respectively and a total of 300,000 shares have been retired. From January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, Mentor repurchased the following shares of Common Stock:

(1) On October 14, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase plan for a total repurchase amount not to exceed $200,000.

On October 14, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at no more than 12.5 cents per share for a total repurchase amount not to exceed $200,000. As of December 31, 2023, no shares have been repurchased.

Equity Compensation Plan

Mentor does not currently have an equity compensation plan in place and does not intend to create such a plan in the near future.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On December 14, 2023, our Chief Executive Officer, Chet Billingsley, exercised 2,000,000 Series D warrants at $0.02 per share. Mr. Billingsley paid the Company $40,000 in cash. This increased Mr. Billingsley’s share ownership by 2,000,000 common shares, increased the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock to 24,686,105, and decreased the Company’s outstanding Series D warrants to 4,250,000.

On January 11, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer, Chet Billingsley, exercised 87,456 Series B warrants and 2,954 Series D warrants at $0.11 per share and $1.60 per share, respectively. Mr. Billingsley paid the Company $14,347 in cash.

The sale of 2,000,000 and 90,410 shares of common stock through the exercise of Series B and Series D warrants were made in reliance on 11 U.S.C. § 1145 and Section 3(a)(7) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Other than as stated above, there have been no other unregistered securities sold within the past three years.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to those statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We sold our majority ownership interest in Waste Consolidators, Inc. (“WCI”) on October 4, 2023, resulting in the elimination of our facilities operations segment at that time. Following the sale, the Company received no new income from WCI and had no further involvement or continuing influence over its operations. Accordingly, the results of operations and assets and liabilities for this segment are excluded from the Company’s continuing operations on December 31, 2023, and for all prior periods of comparison and are presented as a discontinued operation in this report.

Corporate Background

Beginning September 2008, after the name change back to Mentor Capital, Inc., the Company’s common stock traded publicly under the trading symbol OTC Markets: MNTR and after February 9, 2015, as OTCQB: MNTR and after August 6, 2018, under the trading symbol OTCQX: MNTR and after May 1, 2020, under the trading symbol OTCQB: MNTR.

In 2009, the Company began focusing its investing activities on leading-edge cancer companies. In response to government limitations on reimbursement for highly technical and expensive cancer treatments and a resulting business decline in the cancer immunotherapy sector, the Company decided to exit that space. In the summer of 2013, the Company was asked to consider investing in a cancer-related project with a medical marijuana focus. On August 29, 2013, the Company decided to focus its next round of investments in the cannabis sector. In late 2019, the Company expanded its target industry focus which now prioritizes the oil, gas, coal, uranium, and related businesses. In September 2020, the Company moved its corporate office to Plano, Texas.

Acquisitions and investments

Discontinued Operation - Waste Consolidators, Inc.

In 2003, the Company purchased a 50% interest in Waste Consolidators, Inc., a facilities operation company that comprised our facilities operation segment (“WCI”), and increased its ownership stake in WCI by 1% in 2014. Since January 1, 2014, our controlling interest investment in WCI included a facilities operations segment, which provides waste management and disposal services to business park owners, governmental centers, and apartment complexes in Phoenix, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas. We sold the entirety of our majority ownership interest in WCI on October 4, 2023. The sale proceeds support the Company’s focus on investment opportunities in the classic energy space available in the state of Texas, increasing our liquidity and capitalizing on the long-standing experience of our Chief Executive Officer in this sector. Following the sale, the Company received no new income from WCI and had no further involvement or continuing influence over its operations. The sale of WCI resulted in the elimination of our facilities operations segment at that time. Accordingly, the results of operations and assets and liabilities for our facilities operations segment are excluded from the Company’s continuing operations on December 31, 2023, and for all prior periods of comparison, and WCI is presented as a discontinued operation. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.

Electrum Partners, LLC

Electrum Partners, LLC (“Electrum”) is a Nevada-based consulting, investment, and management company. On November 18, 2022, Mentor received $459,990 from Electrum in a consolidated settlement of one equity, one recovery purchase, and two secured capital agreements. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

Mentor IP, LLC

On April 18, 2016, the Company formed Mentor IP, LLC (“MCIP”), a South Dakota limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor. MCIP held interests related to patent rights for an — 80% / 20% domestic and 50% / 50% foreign economic interest with R. L. Larson for vape pens under the provisions of United States patent law and the Patent Cooperation Treaty of 1970, as amended. Patent application and maintenance fees have been expensed when paid, and there were no assets related to the MCIP patents represented on the condensed consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. On October 24, 2023, the Company divested MCIP’s intellectual property and licensing rights related to the United States and the Canadian patent associated with vape pens. The Company received no payment for its divestment. Patent application national phase maintenance fees were expensed when paid, and there were no assets related to MCIP patents represented on the consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Activity had been limited to payment of patent application maintenance fees in Canada.

NeuCourt, Inc.

NeuCourt, Inc. (“NeuCourt”) is a Delaware corporation that is developing a technology that is expected to be useful to the dispute resolution industry.

On July 15, 2022, the Company and NeuCourt entered into an Exchange Agreement whereby the Company’s outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest, in an aggregate amount of $86,030, was exchanged for a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) in equal face value. On July 22, 2022, the Company sold $989 of the SAFE Purchase Amount to a third party. On August 1, 2022, the Company sold an additional $1,285 of the SAFE Purchase Amount to a third party, thereby reducing the outstanding aggregate SAFE Purchase Amount to $83,756.

On January 20, 2023, the Company and NeuCourt entered into a SAFE Purchase Agreement, whereby the Company purchased an additional SAFE at face value of $10,000, increasing the Company’s aggregate SAFE Purchase Amount to $93,756. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the SAFE Purchase Amount was $93,756 and $83,756, respectively. See Note 8.

On December 21, 2018, the Company purchased 500,000 shares of NeuCourt Common Stock, approximately 6.13% of the issued and outstanding NeuCourt shares at December 31, 2023.

If, prior to termination, conversion, or expiration of the SAFE, NeuCourt sells a series of preferred stock (“Equity Preferred Stock”) to investors in an equity financing raising not less than $500,000, Mentor’s SAFE shall be converted into shares equal to the Purchase Amount divided by the lessor of (x) the price per share of the Equity Preferred Stock multiplied by the Discount Rate and (y) the price per share equal to the Valuation Cap divided by the number of outstanding shares of NeuCourt on a fully diluted, as-converted basis (“Conversion Shares”). The Conversion Shares shall consist of (a) the number of shares of Equity Preferred Stock equal to the Purchase Amount divided by the price per share of the Equity Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”) and (b) the number of shares of common stock equal to the Conversion Shares minus the Preferred Stock.

The SAFE will expire and terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) conversion and (ii) repayment. The SAFE may be repaid by NeuCourt upon sixty (60) days prior notice (“Repayment Notice”) to the Company unless the Company elects during that period to convert the SAFE.

If NeuCourt does not close an equity financing round raising $500,000 or more prior to expiration or termination of the SAFE, the Company may elect to convert the SAFE into the number of shares of a to-be-created series of preferred stock equal to the (x) Purchase Amount divided by (y) the Valuation Cap divided by the number of outstanding shares of NeuCourt on a fully diluted, as-converted basis (“Default Conversion”). Additionally, if NeuCourt experiences a change of control, initial public offering, ceases operations, or enters into a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, prior to conversion, termination, or expiration of the SAFE, the Company will receive the greater of (a) a cash payment equal to the Purchase Amount and (b) the value of the shares issuable on Default Conversion.

G FarmaLabs Limited

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into a Notes Purchase Agreement with G FarmaLabs Limited, a Nevada corporation (“G Farma”). Under the Agreement, the Company purchased two secured promissory notes from G Farma in an aggregate principal face amount of $500,000. Since the initial investment, the Company made several additional investments in G Farma. Addenda II through VIII increased the aggregate investment amount to $1,110,000. G Farma has not made scheduled payments on the notes receivable since February 19, 2019. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

On September 6, 2018, the Company entered into an Equity Purchase and Issuance Agreement with G FarmaLabs Limited, G FarmaLabs DHS, LLC, GFBrands, Inc., Finka Distribution, Inc., and G FarmaLabs, WA, LLC under which Mentor was supposed to receive equity interests in the G Farma Equity Entities and their affiliates (together the “G Farma Equity Entities”) equal to 3.75% of the G Farma Equity Entities interests. On March 4, 2019, Addendum VIII increased the G Farma Equity Entities’ equity interest to which Mentor is immediately entitled to 3.843% and added Goya Ventures, LLC as a G Farma Equity Entity. We have fully impaired the equity investment with these entities, formerly valued at $41,600. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

On February 22, 2019, the City of Corona Building Department closed access to G Farma’s corporate location; the Company was not informed by G Farma of this incident until March 14, 2019. On April 24, 2019, the Company was notified that certain G Farma assets at its corporate location, including approximately $427,804 of equipment leased by G Farma Entities from Mentor Partner I, LLC, under a Master Equipment Lease Agreement, were impounded by the Corona Police, see further description under Mentor Partner I, LLC, below, and Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

This event severely impacted G Farma’s ability to pay amounts due the Company in the future and led the Company, in the quarter ended March 31, 2019, to fully impair G Farma notes receivable of $1,045,051 and fully impair the Company’s 3.843% equity interest in G Farma Equity Entities, formerly valued at $41,600. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

Following the initiation of an action against the G Farma Lease Entities and their guarantors (collectively, the “G Farma Entities”) in California Superior Court for Marin County, the Company and Mentor Partner I and the G Farma Entities entered into a settlement agreement on August 27, 2021, whereby the G Farma Entities were to pay the Company an aggregate of $500,000. The G Farma Entities made a handful of payments and then ceased the performance of their settlement obligations.

In February 2023, the Company and Mentor Partner I sought entry of a stipulated judgment against the G Farma Entities. On July 11, 2023, the Court entered judgment against the G Farma Entities and in favor of Mentor and Partner I in the amount of $2,539,597, which is comprised of $2,494,450 of principal (calculated as the aggregate settlement amount, less payments made by the G Farma Entities, plus an additional $2,000,000 in default principal) plus accrued and unpaid interest of $40,219, costs of $1,643, and attorneys’ fees of $3,285 incurred by Mentor and Mentor Partner I in connection with obtaining the judgment. The judgment also accrues post-judgment interest at the rate of 10% from July 11, 2023 until such time as the judgment is paid in full.

The Company has retained the full reserve on the unpaid notes receivable balance and collections of the unpaid lease receivable balance due to the long history of uncertain payments from G Farma and the G Farma Settlors. Payments from G Farma and G Farma Settlors will be recognized in Other Income as they are received. Recovery payments of $0 and $3,550 were included in other income in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No payments have been received from the G Farma Entities since October 11, 2022. The $2,539,597 judgment and interest receivable of $120,370 at December 31, 2023 is fully reserved pending the outcome of the Company’s collection process. See Notes 9, 10, and 21.

Mentor Partner I, LLC

Mentor Partner I, LLC (“Partner I”) was reorganized as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Texas as of February 17, 2021. Partner I was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor for the purpose of acquisition and investment. In 2018, Mentor contributed $996,000 of capital to Partner I to facilitate the purchase of manufacturing equipment to be leased from Partner I by G FarmaLabs Limited (“G Farma”) under a Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2018, as amended. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Mentor withdrew no capital from Partner I. Partner I acquired and delivered manufacturing equipment as selected by G Farma and its related entities under sales-type finance leases. Partner I did not have any equipment sales revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.

In 2020, the Company repossessed leased equipment under G Farma’s control with a cost of $622,670 and sold it to the highest offerors for net proceeds of $348,734 after shipping and delivery costs. Net sales proceeds were applied against the finance lease receivable.

On July 11, 2023, the Court entered judgment against the G Farma Entities in favor of Mentor and Partner I in the amount of $2,539,597. The judgment also accrues post-judgment interest at the rate of 10% from July 11, 2023 until such time as the judgment is paid in full. Collection is uncertain at this time. The remaining finance lease receivable balance is fully impaired at December 31, 2023 and 2022. See Note 9 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements.

Mentor Partner II, LLC

Mentor Partner II, LLC (“Partner II”) was reorganized as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Texas on February 17, 2021. The entity was originally organized as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of California on February 1, 2018. Partner II was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor for the purpose of investing and acquisition. On February 8, 2018, Mentor contributed $400,000 to Partner II to facilitate the purchase of manufacturing equipment to be leased from Partner II by Pueblo West under a Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated February 11, 2018, as amended. On March 12, 2019, Mentor agreed to use Partner II earnings of $61,368 to facilitate the purchase of additional manufacturing equipment leased to Pueblo West under a Second Amendment to the lease. On September 27, 2022, Pueblo West exercised its lease prepayment option and purchased the manufacturing equipment for $245,369. On September 28, 2022 Partner II transferred full title to the equipment to Pueblo West See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Mentor withdrew capital of $0 and $326,893, respectively, from Partner II.

TWG, LLC

On October 4, 2022, the Company formed TWG, LLC (“TWG”), a Texas limited liability company, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Mentor in order to prepare to fulfill certain February 16, 2022 modification agreement performance obligations related to installment payments the Company receives from a non-affiliated party.

Ally Waste Services, LLC

On October 4, 2023, in connection with the sale of the Company’s 51% ownership interest in WCI, the Company received a one-year unsecured, subordinated, promissory note in initial principal face amount of $1,000,000 from Ally Waste Services, LLC (“Ally”) at 6% per annum. The note is recorded at the principal face amount of $1,000,000 plus accrued interest of $15,000 and $0 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The note is unsecured, subordinated, and junior in right of payment of the indebtedness of borrowed money and obligations of Ally owed to senior lenders. Subject to the terms of agreements with senior lenders, the note principal plus accrued interest is payable on October 4, 2024. Ally’s failure to pay the principal and accrued interest on October 4, 2024, among other enumerated events of default, will result in the interest rate retroactively increasing to 12% per annum. The note may be set off against any indemnification obligations owed by the Company to Ally, which indemnification obligations are secondary to indemnification obligations owed by the other WCI selling shareholder to Ally. The Company has received assurances from Ally that the note will be paid, so management has not impaired the note receivable. If management is given any indication from Ally or the other WCI selling shareholder that collection is uncertain, the Company will impair the note receivable at such time. See Note 5.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s future success is dependent upon its ability to make a return on our investments to generate positive cash flow and to obtain sufficient capital from non-portfolio-related sources. The Company currently has enough cash to effectuate its business plans for the next five years. Management believes they can raise the appropriate funds needed to support their business plan and develop an operating, cash-flow-positive company.

Critical Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes include the activity of majority-owned subsidiaries of 51% or more. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain amounts from the prior year have been reclassified to conform with the current year’s presentation.

As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has a significant accumulated deficit of ($8,187,807) as of December 31, 2023.

Ongoing capital formation

The Company may seek to recover unused funds, sell one or more investments that management has determined have significantly appreciated, are at the end of their lifecycle or no longer fit within the Company’s desired focus, or raise additional capital to fund its acquisitions. The Company may also be required to raise additional capital to fund its operations and will continue to attempt to raise capital resources from both related and unrelated parties until such time as the Company is able to generate revenues sufficient to adequately execute its business plan. Additionally, the Company has 4,250,000 Series D warrants outstanding in which the Company can effectively set the exercise price substantially below the current market price. Additionally, the Company could reverse split the stock to raise the stock price above the warrant exercise price. The warrants are specifically not affected and do not split with the shares in the event of a reverse split. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the effect of a reverse stock split on the outstanding warrants. Management’s plans include increasing revenues through acquisition, investment, and organic growth. Management anticipates funding new activities by raising additional capital through the sale of equity securities and debt.

Segment reporting

Continuing Operations

The Company has determined that there are currently two reportable segments: 1) the historic residual medical operations segment and 2) the Company’s energy segment.

Discontinued Operation

On October 4, 2023, the Company’s facilities operations segment was sold. Following the sale, the Company received no new income from WCI, and had no further involvement or continuing influence over the operations of WCI. As a result, our facilities operations segment was deconsolidated on the date of the sale, and our former facilities operations segment was reported as a discontinued operation. See Note 3.

Use of estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, accounts and notes receivable reserves, expected future cash flows used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, estimated fair values of long-lived assets used to record impairment charges related to investments, goodwill, amortization periods, accrued expenses, and recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and any related valuation allowance.

Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if past experience or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate.

Recent Accounting Standards

From time to time, the FASB, or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standard Codifications (“ASCs”) are communicated through the issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”). Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted in the future, is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes – As of January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is designed to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. ASU No. 2019-12 The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of cash

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, nor does the Company believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all short-term debt securities purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no short-term debt securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts arising in the normal course of business and are classified as current assets and carried at original invoice amounts less an estimate for doubtful receivables based on historical losses as a percent of revenue in conjunction with a review of outstanding balances on a quarterly basis. The estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s bad debt experience, market conditions, and aging of accounts receivable, among other factors. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers deteriorates, resulting in the customer’s inability to pay the Company’s receivables as they come due, additional allowances for doubtful accounts will be required. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $0 allowance for doubtful receivables.

Investments in securities at fair value

Investment in securities consists of debt and equity securities reported at fair value. Under ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” the Company elected to report changes in the fair value of equity investment in realized investment gains (losses), net.

Note receivable

The Company has a one-year subordinated note receivable from Ally Waste Services, LLC that is recorded at the principal face amount of $1,000,000 plus accrued interest of $15,000 and $0 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The note matures October 4, 2024, and bears interest at 6% per annum from October 4, 2023, to October 4, 2024, at which time the note is due and payable to Mentor.

Long term investments

The Company’s investments in entities where it is a minority owner and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are recorded at fair value if readily determinable. If the fair market value is not readily determinable, the investment is recorded under the cost method. Under this method, the Company’s share of the earnings or losses of such investee company is not included in the Company’s financial statements. The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-term investments for impairment each reporting period.

Finance leases receivable

The Company, through its subsidiaries, is the lessor of manufacturing equipment subject to leases under master leasing agreements. The leases contain an element of dealer profit, and lessee bargain purchase options at prices substantially below the subject assets’ estimated residual values at the exercise date for the options. Consequently, the Company classified the leases as sales-type leases (the “finance leases”) for financial accounting purposes. For such finance leases, the Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option, if any) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. For each finance lease, the Company recognized revenue in an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and cost of sales equal to the net book value of the equipment at the inception of the applicable lease.

A finance receivable is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to contractual terms. Impaired finance receivables include finance receivables that have been restructured and are troubled debt restructures. See Note 10.

Credit quality of notes receivable and finance leases receivable and credit loss reserve

As our notes receivable and finance leases receivable are limited in number, our management is able to analyze estimated credit loss reserves based on a detailed analysis of each receivable as opposed to using portfolio-based metrics. Our management does not use a system of assigning internal risk ratings to each of our receivables. Rather, each note receivable and finance lease receivable are analyzed quarterly and categorized as either performing or non-performing based on certain factors including, but not limited to, financial results, satisfying scheduled payments and compliance with financial covenants. A note receivable or finance lease receivable will be categorized as non-performing when a borrower experiences financial difficulty and has failed to make scheduled payments. As part of the monitoring process we may physically inspect the collateral or a borrower’s facility and meet with a borrower’s management to better understand such borrower’s financial performance and its future plans on an as-needed basis.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the declining balance method over the estimated useful lives of various classes of property. The estimated lives of the property and equipment are generally as follows: computer equipment, three to five years; furniture and equipment, seven years; and vehicles and trailers, four to five years. Prior to the sale of our discontinued operation, depreciation on vehicles used by the discontinued operation to service its customers is included in cost of goods sold. All other depreciation is included in selling, general and administrative costs in the consolidated income statements.

Expenditures for major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of its property and equipment may not be recoverable in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. See Note 6.

The Company reviews intangible assets subject to amortization quarterly to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or a change in the remaining useful life. Conditions that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate that could affect the value of an asset, a product recall, or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. If an impairment indicator exists, we test the intangible asset for recoverability. For purposes of the recoverability test, we group our amortizable intangible assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows if the intangible asset does not generate cash flows independent of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying value of the intangible asset (asset group) exceeds the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the intangible asset (asset group), the Company will write the carrying value down to the fair value in the period identified.

Lessee Leases

We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lessee leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of these criteria. Our operating leases are comprised of office space leases, and office equipment. Fleet vehicle leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019, under ASC 840 guidelines, are classified as operating leases. Fleet vehicle leases entered into beginning January 1, 2019, under ASC 842 guidelines, are classified as finance leases. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 month to 48 months. Our fleet finance leases contain a residual value guarantee which, based on past lease experience, is unlikely to result in a liability at the end of the lease. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Costs associated with operating lease assets were recognized on a straight-line basis, over the term of the lease, within cost of goods sold for vehicles used in direct servicing of discontinued operation customers and in operating expenses for costs associated with all other operating leases. Finance lease assets were amortized within cost of goods sold for vehicles used in direct servicing of discontinued operation customers and within operating expenses for all other finance lease assets, on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. The interest component of a finance lease is included in interest expense and recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term. Our discontinued operation had agreements that contained both lease and non-lease components. For vehicle fleet operating leases, we accounted for lease components together with non-lease components (e.g., maintenance fees).

Long-lived assets impairment assessment

In accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” we regularly review the carrying value of intangible and other long-lived assets for the existence of facts or circumstances, both internally and externally, that suggest impairment. The carrying value and ultimate realization of these assets are dependent upon our estimates of future earnings and benefits that we expect to generate from their use. If our expectations of future results and cash flows are significantly diminished, intangible assets and other long-lived assets may be impaired, and the resulting charge to operations may be material. When we determine that the carrying value of intangibles or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we use the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists and then measure the impairment using discounted cash flows.

Goodwill

Goodwill of $1,324,142 for our discontinued operation was derived from consolidating our discontinued operation effective January 1, 2014, and $102,040 of goodwill was derived from our initial acquisition of a 50% interest in such discontinued operation. In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives were no longer subject to amortization but were tested for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicated that the asset might be impaired.

The Company reviews the goodwill allocated for possible impairment annually, and our policy is also to review goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In the impairment test, the Company measured the recoverability of goodwill by comparing a reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is in excess of its fair value, the Company would recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount in excess. To estimate the fair value, management used valuation techniques, which included the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. The evaluation of impairment requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions required significant judgment and were subject to change as future events and circumstances changed, as actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.

Effective October 4, 2023, the date of sale of our WCI interest, we met the criteria outlined in ASC Topic 205-20 “Discontinued Operations,” for our $1,426,182 goodwill to be reduced to $0 and the results of operations and assets and liabilities for our facilities operations segment were excluded from our continuing operations and presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, goodwill in the aggregate amount of $ 1,426,182 was reduced to $0. No goodwill is reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases.” Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.

Our discontinued operation worked with business park owners, governmental centers, and apartment complexes to reduce facilities-related costs. Our discontinued operation performed monthly services pursuant to agreements with customers. Customer monthly service fees were based on our discontinued operation’s assessment of the amount and frequency of monthly services requested by a customer. Our discontinued operation also provided additional services, such as apartment cleanout services, large item removals, or similar services, on an as-needed basis at an agreed-upon rate as requested by customers. All services of our discontinued operation were invoiced and recognized as revenue in the month the agreed-on services were performed.

For each finance lease, the Company recognized as a gain the amount equal to (i) the net investment in the finance lease less (ii) the net book value of the equipment at the inception of the applicable lease. At lease inception, we capitalize the total minimum finance lease payments receivable from the lessee, the estimated unguaranteed residual value of the equipment at lease termination, if any, and the initial direct costs related to the lease, less unearned income. Unearned income is recognized as finance income over the term of the lease using the effective interest rate method.

The Company, through its subsidiaries, is the lessor of manufacturing equipment subject to leases under master leasing agreements. The leases contain an element of dealer profit and lessee bargain purchase options at prices substantially below the subject assets’ estimated residual values at the exercise date for the options. Consequently, the Company classified the leases as sales-type leases (the “finance leases”) for financial accounting purposes. For such finance leases, the Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option, if any) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. For each finance lease, the Company recognized revenue in an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and cost of sales equal to the net book value of the equipment at the inception of the applicable lease.

Basic and diluted income (loss) per common share

We compute net income or loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Under the provisions of ASC 260, basic net income or loss per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing the net income or loss available to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income or loss per share takes into consideration shares of Common Stock outstanding (computed under basic net income or loss per share) and potentially dilutive securities that are not anti-dilutive.

There were 4,250,000 potentially dilutive outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2023 that on a treasury stock basis had the dilutive effect of 2,887,821 common shares as of December 31, 2023. Outstanding warrants that had no effect on the computation of the dilutive weighted average number of shares outstanding as their effect would be anti-dilutive were approximately 7,000,000 as of December 31, 2022.

Assumed conversion of Series Q Preferred Stock into Common Stock would be anti-dilutive as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and is not included in calculating the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with accounting guidance now codified as FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires that the Company recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect in the years the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax benefit (expense) results from the change in net deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some or all deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 740, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” The ASC prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The ASC provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest, and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company utilizes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions (tax contingencies). The first step evaluates the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that we will sustain the position on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes. The second step measures the tax benefit as the largest amount of more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company did not identify any material uncertain tax positions on returns that have been filed or that will be filed. The Company did not recognize any interest or penalties for unrecognized tax provisions during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, nor were any interest or penalties accrued as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. To the extent the Company may accrue interest and penalties, it elects to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax provisions as a component of income tax expense.

Fair value measurements

The Company adopted ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” which defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure Topic establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels. These three general valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: Market approach (Level 1) – which uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. Prices may be indicated by pricing guides, sale transactions, market trades, or other sources. Cost approach (Level 2) – which is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost); and the Income approach (Level 3) – which uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about the future amounts (including present value techniques, and option-pricing models). Net present value is an income approach where a stream of expected cash flows is discounted at an appropriate market interest rate.

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, customer deposits, and other accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities is based on quoted market prices in active markets.

The fair value of the investment in account receivable is based on the net present value of calculated interest and principal payments. The carrying value approximates fair value as interest rates charged are comparable to market rates for similar investments.

The fair value of notes receivable is based on the net present value of calculated interest and principal payments. The carrying value approximates fair value as interest rates charged are comparable to market rates for similar notes.

The fair value of long-term notes payable is based on the net present value of calculated interest and principal payments. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value due to the fact that the interest rate on the debt is based on market rates.

Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022:

Segregation of Discontinued Operations

On October 4, 2023, the Company sold its majority ownership interest in WCI, resulting in the elimination of the Company’s facilities operations segment at the time of such sale. Following the sale, the Company received no new income from WCI, and had no further involvement or continuing influence over the operations of WCI. Accordingly, the results of operations for this segment are excluded from the Company’s continuing operations at December 31, 2023 year, and the prior period of comparison, and the financial results are presented as a discontinued operation in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 3.

Revenues

We had revenue of $0 and gross profit of $0 for the year ended December 31, 2023, versus revenue of $35,074 and gross profit of $35,074 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease in revenue of $35,074 and a decrease in gross profit of $35,074. We formed Partner I and Partner II for the purpose of specific equipment sales-type financing leases. Finance lease revenue was $0 in 2023 compared to $37,659 in 2022.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Our selling, general, and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1,775,210 compared to $495,400 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $1,279,810. The increase was due to an increase of $22,182 in professional service fees, an increase in board of directors fees of $19,250, an increase in officer salary and payroll tax expense of $46,346, an increase in employee salary and payroll tax expense of $42,355, a one-time revaluation for unpaid officer salary of $453,865 to adjust for our officer’s rate, a one-time revaluation of officer unpaid sick leave of $97,027 to adjust for our officer’s hourly rate, a one-time revaluation of officer vacation of $211,231 to adjust for our officer’s hourly rate, a one-time revaluation of officer benefits of $331,658 to adjust for our officer’s hourly rate, offset by a $26,360 decrease in costs to bill, a $2,479 decrease in payroll taxes, and a $1,047 decrease in administrative expenses.

Other income and expense

Other income and expenses, net, totaled $4,863,129 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to ($145,016) for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $5,008,145. The increase was due to the sale of our discontinued operations on which we recognized a $4,805,389 gain, plus a $16,055 increase in interest income, a $22,006 reduction of interest expense, and a $170,418 decrease of loss on investments, offset by a $3,238 increase in other income expenses and a $2,484 increase in unrealized loss on investments.

Net results

The net result for the year ended December 31, 2023, was a net gain attributable to Mentor of $3,157,658 or $0.137 per Mentor common share compared to a loss attributable to Mentor of $471,386 or ($0.021) per Mentor common share for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company will continue to look for acquisition opportunities to expand its portfolio, ideally with companies that are positive for operating revenue or have the potential to become positive for operating revenue.

Changes in cash flows

At December 31, 2023, we had cash of $2,431,299 and working capital of $4,007,358. Operating cash outflows during 2023 were ($2,426,244), inflows from investing activities were $5,585,595, and outflows from financing activities were ($1,984,763). We are evaluating various options to raise additional funds, including loans. See discussion of cash flow changes under the next section, Liquidity, and Capital Resources.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our reorganization, we have raised capital through warrant holder exercise of warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock. At December 31, 2023, we had cash of $2,431,299 and working capital of $4,007,358. Operating cash outflows in the year ended December 31, 2023, were ($2,426,244), including $3,157,658 of net income loss, less net income for discontinued operations of ($77,899), plus depreciation and amortization of $1,706, plus bad debt expense of $10,198, less amortization of discount on investment receivable of ($41,741), less gain on the sale of our discontinued operation segment of ($4,805,389), plus loss on investments at fair value of $2,484, less accounts receivable trade of ($11,398), less other receivables of ($15,000), plus prepaid expenses and current assets of $2,867, less accounts payable of ($4,383), plus accrued expenses of $72,089, less accrued salary, retirement, and benefits of related party of ($717,436).

Net cash inflows in 2023 from investing activities were $5,585,595, including ($649,847) purchase of investment securities, plus $6,000,000 received from the sale of our discontinued facilities operation segment, plus $129,532 adjustment on sale of our discontinued operation, less ($10,000) increase in long term investments, less ($2,291) purchases of property and equipment, plus $118,201 proceeds from investment receivable.

Net outflows from financing activities in 2023 were ($1,984,763), including $40,000 received from the exercise of warrants, less ($1,000,000) increase in notes receivable, less ($1,016,879) warrant credit as a reduction to additional paid in capital, less ($7,884) payments on the repurchase of stock.

We believe our existing available resources and opportunities will be sufficient to satisfy our funding requirements for five years.

In addition, on February 9, 2015, in accordance with Section 1145 of the United States Bankruptcy Code and the Company’s court-approved Plan of Reorganization, the Company announced a minimum 30-day partial redemption of up to 1% (approximately 90,000) of the already outstanding Series D warrants to provide for the court specified redemption mechanism for warrants not exercised timely by the original holder or their estates. Company designees that applied during the 30 days paid 10 cents per warrant to redeem the warrant and then exercised the Series D warrant to purchase a share. In the Company’s October 7, 2016 press release, Mentor stated that the 1% redemptions, which were formerly on a calendar month schedule, would subsequently be initiated on a random date schedule after the prior 1% redemption is completed to prevent potential third-party manipulation of share prices at month-end. The periodic partial redemptions may continue, at the Company’s discretion, to be recalculated and repeated until such unexercised warrants are exhausted or the partial redemption is otherwise truncated by the Company.

There were no warrant redemptions in 2023 or 2022.

Disclosure About Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements that constitute off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide the information called for by this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

MENTOR CAPITAL, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

There have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based on management’s evaluation, our chief executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our managers, including our consulting chief executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency while ensuring that we maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes.

Effective October 22, 2020, our former Chief Financial Officer agreed to provide services pursuant to a certain Contract Chief Financial Officer Agreement; her consulting services relating to internal control remained similar until our new arrangement with a new firm, and she retains her position as Treasurer of the Company’s Board of Directors and she serves as a consultant CFO to the Company from time to time. Since January 1, 2023, the Company has also obtained Chief Financial Officer and Certified Public Accountant services from a primary consultant CPA who may consult with our former Chief Financial Officer and current Treasurer as needed; consulting services remained similar to that of our former consultant CFO. There have been no other changes in internal control over financial reporting in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

● Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

● Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

● Provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitation, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness in future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 based on the framework set forth in the Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.

Our executive officers and directors, and their respective ages as of December 31, 2023, are as follows:

Chet Billingsley has been our Chief Executive Officer since 1994 and founded the private company, which was the predecessor of the Company, in 1985. On May 6, 2017, Mr. Billingsley was appointed as a member of Mentor’s Audit Committee. On March 24, 2022, Mr. Billingsley resigned from Mentor’s Audit Committee. On August 7, 2021, Mr. Billingsley was appointed as our Principal Financial Officer. On behalf of the Company, Mr. Billingsley has conducted dozens of acquisitions and business financings during this period. He began investing in 1979 and, as CEO, successfully completed the Series 65 examination. He was briefly a registered investment advisor with an affiliated portfolio entity in 2010. He received his undergraduate education at West Point and a master’s degree in Applied Physics from Harvard University, concurrently studying at Harvard Business School and at MIT’s Nuclear Engineering Department. Mr. Billingsley spent his early career in the energy sector in a broad range of technologies, including coal, LNG, geothermal, and solar, plus the administration of all technology contracts for the Department of Energy in Washington, DC. Mr. Billingsley worked at General Electric from January 1979 to June 1985, including General Electric’s Nuclear Division. An avid business writer and promoter of ethical business dealings, Mr. Billingsley wrote “In Defense of Business Ethics” in Management Today.

Lori J. Stansfield, CPA, served as our Chief Financial Officer between May 27, 2014 and May 14, 2021. On April 9, 2015, Lori was appointed as a director and named our Treasurer. On October 22, 2020, in connection with the Company’s relocation of its corporate headquarters to Plano, Texas, Ms. Stansfield agreed to temporarily continue providing chief financial officer services to the Company as an independent contractor and as our Chief Financial Officer. On May 17, 2021, Lori Stansfield’s services as a contract chief financial officer with Mentor concluded. Ms. Stansfield’s departure from serving as Mentor’s chief financial officer was amicable, and there were no accounting disagreements. Additionally, from October 28, 2021 to November 15, 2022, Ms. Stansfield provided dedicated financial oversight and support to the chief financial officer to assist with the Company’s financial preparation and reporting obligations. Since January 1, 2023, Ms. Stansfield’s consulting role has been limited to providing transitional chief financial officer support to the successor chief financial officer and chief principal accounting firm supporting the Company. Ms. Stansfield remains the Company’s Treasurer and director; she also continues to be a significant shareholder of the Company. Ms. Stansfield is also the Chief Financial Officer of NeuCourt, Inc., an entity in which the Company has purchased convertible promissory notes and shares of common stock. In addition to the services Ms. Stansfield provides to Mentor Capital, Inc., and her role as Chief Financial Officer of NeuCourt, Inc., Ms. Stansfield currently serves as a consultant to various private and public companies. For six years prior to joining Mentor, Ms. Stansfield was Director of Audit Services for Robert R. Redwitz & Co. in San Diego, California. She has taught, written about, managed, audited, and prepared financial statements during the past thirty years. She graduated magna cum laude in accounting from the University of Colorado in Denver and where she also received a master’s degree in marketing. She is certified as a public accountant in both Colorado and California. Ms. Stanfield has no affiliated or conflicting outside business interests.

Robert B. Meyer was named Secretary of the Board of Directors on April 9, 2015. He previously held a director position between January 11, 2000, and August 27, 2003, and later returned to this role on April 29, 2012. As the largest outside shareholder, Mr. Meyer has been a senior professional voice in the Company’s management for over 19 years. Mr. Meyer was the founder, publisher, and editor of a business magazine, Barter News, which went into print in 1979. In 2003, he began a monthly newsletter called The Competitive Edge. He was one of the first charter inductees of the International Reciprocal Trade Association’s “Barter Hall of Fame,” and he has twice addressed the American Countertrade Association, a prestigious organization of Major Fortune 500 companies that countertrades in billions of dollars annually. As a business founder, Mr. Meyer brings his knowledge and business understanding to Board discussions. Mr. Meyer is a former professional baseball player, playing in the major leagues with New York Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, Los Angeles Angels, Seattle Pilots, and Milwaukee Brewers from 1960 - 1971. Mr. Meyer has no affiliated or conflicting outside business interests.

David G. Carlile was appointed as a director on April 14, 2017, and on May 6, 2017, he was appointed as a member of Mentor’s Audit Committee and named Audit Committee Chairman. He has served as a consultant and advisor to corporate and financial executives for over 35 years. From 1979 to 1996, Mr. Carlile served in several managerial roles at Atlantic Richfield Company, where he was involved in operations, financial analysis, and acquisitions. Between 1996 and 2000, Mr. Carlile was Executive VP, Director, and General Manager of a division of Savage Industries, Inc., where he was also involved with financial analysis and acquisitions. He has been the President of Carlile Enterprises, Inc. for over 20 years, and he served as the Vice President of Marketing and Sales with Lighthouse Resources from 2012 through May 2016. Mr. Carlile received his Bachelor of Science in Mining Geology from the Imperial College, University of London, in 1977. He also received a master’s degree in Mining Engineering from the University of Arizona in 1979. Mr. Carlile has no affiliated or conflicting outside business interests.

Director Qualifications

The selection of directors is a complex and subjective process requiring consideration of many intangible factors. The Company believes that candidates should generally meet the following criteria:

● Significant historical or current Mentor share ownership;

● Business founder and CEO experience;

● Broad training, experience, and a successful track record at senior policy-making levels in business, government, education, technology, accounting, law, consulting and/or administration;

● The highest personal and professional ethics, integrity, and values;

● Commitment to representing the long-term interests of the Company and all of its shareholders;

● An inquisitive and objective perspective, strength of character, and the mature judgment essential to effective decision-making;

● Expertise that is useful to the Company and complementary to the background and experience of other Board members; and

● Sufficient time to devote to Board activities and to enhance their knowledge of our business, operations, and industry.

The Board believes that our current directors meet these criteria. The directors bring a strong and diversified background and set of essential skills to the Board, as described above in the director descriptions.

Term of Office

All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their respective successors are elected. Directors may also be elected at any special meeting of shareholders held for that purpose. Nominees for the board of directors are presented by management. Except for a vacancy created by the removal of a director, all vacancies in the Board of Directors, whether caused by resignation, death or otherwise, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected at an annual, regular or special meeting of the shareholders. Vacancies created by the removal of a director may be filled only by approval of the shareholders. The shareholders may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy not filled by the directors.

Certain Legal Proceedings

No director, nominee for director, or executive officer of the Company has appeared as a party in any legal proceeding material to an evaluation of his or her ability or integrity during the past ten years.

Audit Committee

On May 6, 2017, a resolution was unanimously adopted by the Board to create an audit committee, and the following board members were appointed to serve on the committee: Stan Shaul, who was a former board member, David Carlile, and Chet Billingsley. It was further resolved that David Carlile serve as the chairman of the Company’s Audit Committee. On May 15, 2021, due to his employer’s acquisition by a prominent public company, Mr. Shaul tendered his resignation effective May 15, 2021. Due to the acquisition, Mr. Shaul was no longer able to serve as a board member or audit committee member of Mentor Capital or any other public company. Due to his non-independent status, effective with the filing date of Mentor’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, April 15, 2021, Mr. Billingsley resigned as an Audit Committee member. On March 19, 2022, the Board approved the Company’s Audit Committee Charter and reappointed David Carlile to serve as the Company’s sole Audit Committee Member to be effective as of the filing date of Mentor’s 2021 Form 10-K, April 15, 2021. Our Audit Committee Charter may be found on Mentor’s website at https://ir.mentorcapital.com/corporate-governance.

Our Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board in fulfilling its general oversight responsibilities with respect to the Company’s accounting and financial disclosures, audits of the financial statements, internal controls, and audit functions.

As part of the financial statement audit, the auditors are required to communicate with the Audit Committee in writing. The Audit Committee discusses the audited financial statements with management.

The Audit Committee had one meeting in 2023 and one meeting in 2022. All members of the Audit Committee attended both meetings.

Membership of the Audit Committee

The Audit Committee shall be comprised of one to five directors as determined by the Board, of which a majority of the members shall satisfy the independence requirements of Section 10A(m)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and all other regulatory requirements applicable to the Company.

David Carlile, our sole audit committee member as of April 15, 2021, and Audit Committee Chair, is considered independent under the Audit Committee Charter. Mr. Carlile understands fundamental financial statements, including the Company’s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Mr. Carlile has a depth of experience advising private and public companies on mergers and acquisitions from a financial perspective. He is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under applicable SEC rules. Each Audit Committee member shall continue to be a member as long as they remain directors and until their successors as committee members are elected and qualified or until their earlier death, incapacity, resignation, or removal. Any member may be removed by the Board, with or without cause, and for no cause, at any time. Vacancies on the Audit Committee may be filled by the Board.

The Audit Committee of Mentor Capital, Inc. has reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, it has discussed with BF Borgers CPA PC the matters required by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Commission. Also, the Audit Committee has received from BF Borgers CPA PC the written disclosures required by the Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 and has discussed with BF Borgers CPA PC its independence from the Company. Based upon this information and these materials, the Audit Committee recommends to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Compensation or Nominating Committees and Conflicts of Interest

The Board does not have a compensation committee comprised of independent directors; the functions that would have been performed by such a committee are performed by our directors as a whole. The Board of Directors has not established a nominating committee. The Board has been of the opinion that such committees are not necessary since the Company is small, and to date, the entire Board of Directors has been performing the functions of such committees. Thus, there is a potential conflict of interest in that our directors and officers have the authority to determine issues concerning management compensation and nominations that may affect management decisions.

We do not have a policy regarding the consideration of any director candidates that may be recommended by our stockholders. Our Board has not considered or adopted a policy regarding the consideration of director candidates recommended by our stockholders, as we have not received a recommendation from any stockholder for any candidate to serve on our Board for over ten years. We do not know if any of our stockholders will make a recommendation for any candidate to serve on our Board, given the relatively small size of our company and the small remuneration for attendance at the Board meetings.

The Board is responsible for establishing broad corporate policies and reviewing our overall performance rather than day-to-day operations. The primary responsibility of the Board is to oversee the management of the Company and, in doing so, serve the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The Board selects, evaluates, and provides for the succession of executive officers and, subject to stockholder election, directors. It reviews and approves major corporate strategy changes, evaluates significant policies, and proposes major commitments of corporate resources. The Board also participates in decisions that have a potential major economic impact on the Company. Management keeps the directors informed of Company activity through regular communication.

Director compensation for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board, if any, is set by Board resolution. Officers of the Company are appointed by the Board. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board.

Shareholders may contact the Chairman of the Board by telephone or email at the Company’s corporate offices with any questions or concerns they wish to have addressed. The Chairman will discuss any material shareholder questions, concerns, or other information with the other directors, as necessary.

Board Leadership and Role in Risk Oversight

Chet Billingsley acts as Mentor’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Robert Meyer acts as the Company’s Secretary and lead independent director. Mentor has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate as Mentor is a small company, and Mr. Billingsley is the most familiar with the various industries and their related risks. The Board has direct discussions with the CEO and suggests operating approaches to mitigate identified risks on a regular basis. Because all independent directors are major shareholders, direct discussions reinforce the priority of reducing shareholder risk and increasing shareholder return on all corporate actions.

Familial Relationships Amongst Directors and Executives

There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers and any other directors or executive officers.

Meetings of the Board of Directors

The Board of Directors of Mentor conducts business through meetings of the Board or by unanimous written consent of the Board. Actions taken by written consent of all directors, are, according to Delaware corporate law and our bylaws, valid and effective as if they had been passed at a meeting of the directors duly called and held. With the exception of Mr. Billingsley and Ms. Stansfield, all directors are independent directors under the adopted definition of independence from the NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15). The directors are all shareholders of the Company.

Mentor held five meetings of the Board of Directors in 2023 and four meetings of the Board of Directors in 2022. All directors attended each of the meetings.

Code of Ethics

On March 21, 2019, the Company adopted a Code of Ethics in compliance with Section 406 of Regulation S-K, which is applicable to all officers, directors, and employees of the Company. The Code of Ethics is available at the Company’s website at https://ir.mentorcapital.com/governance-docs without charge. Interested persons may also request a copy of such Code of Ethics without charge by contacting the Company at the address or telephone number included on the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Code of Ethics emphasizes that “The men and women of business are the stewards of the assets of society. If we are good and faithful in our work, the world becomes a better place.” We are to avoid “carelessness” and “waste” and comply with applicable governmental laws, rules, and regulations at all levels of government in the United States and in any non-U.S. jurisdiction in which the Company does business. We are to “act in good faith, with due care, and shall engage only in fair and open competition, by treating ethically competitors, suppliers, customers, and colleagues.”

Environment

Continuing Operations

Management continually seeks to improve and make decisions that legitimately and scientifically eliminate negative impacts and promote our ethical goal of stewardship of society’s assets for first, the greater good of our shareholders, and in a second and supporting way, our stakeholders, the public, and future generations. In part, we accomplish these goals by ensuring that we engage in environmentally and socially responsible decisions, including decisions aligned with energy efficiency, recycling, and waste avoidance. Before and during COVID-19, we continued to support our vendors, employees, investees, stakeholders, small businesses, and those affected by COVID-19, regardless of COVID-19-related service decreases and COVID-19-related delays. The principles of respect for others in the form of fair compensation and good faith business dealings irrespective of race, alienage, national origin, religion, or gender have been a management priority for over thirty-eight years. We will continue to treat others with fairness and respect, seek corporate opportunities that benefit shareholders, align with our ethical stewardship principles, and avoid conflicts of interest to ensure that our conduct remains consistent with our Code of Ethics.

Discontinued Operation

Our discontinued operation provided cost-effective, environmentally responsible waste management disposal services in Phoenix, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, and Dallas by assisting its customers in managing and reducing excess waste from collection to disposal. It ensured that the property locations of its clients were clean and maintained through its responsible, timely, and environmentally friendly waste consolidation, bulk item pickup, general property maintenance, and one-time clean-up services. Additionally, our discontinued operation delivered a portion of the waste it collects to facilities that recover, recycle, and reuse waste products to support cleanliness and environmental sustainability.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The following table summarizes all compensation recorded by us in each of the last two completed fiscal years for our principal executive officer and each other executive officer whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000. The value attributable to any option awards, if any, is computed in accordance with FASB ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation.”

Summary Executive Compensation Table

(1) The annual base salary for our Chief Executive Officer was $124,000 gross, before payroll taxes, in 2023 and $104,000 in 2022. Prior to 2023, the base annual salary for our Chief Executive Officer had not changed from the amount set by the court in the 1998 Chapter 11 bankruptcy document. In 2021, Mr. Billingsley voluntarily deferred $16,000 of his annual base salary compensation, resulting in a 2021 annual salary of $88,000. The Chief Executive Officer’s 2022 compensation consisted of $104,000 gross base salary per year plus accrued $12,000 vacation pay and accrued $4,000 sick pay plus $16,000 in deferred salary from 2021. On October 14, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a base salary increase to $208,000 gross, before payroll taxes, per year. Mr. Billingsley’s unpaid accrued vacation and sick pay is reported as nonqualified deferred compensation. For twenty-eight and a half years, from July 1, 1985 to January 1, 2014, the majority of Mr. Billingsley’s compensation, comprised of salary and benefits, was voluntarily deferred and accrued in lieu of payment and were approved as payable to Mr. Billingsley at any time of his choosing. Mr. Billingsley did not begin to receive his full base salary until 2014. Following the satisfactory October 4, 2023 sale of our discontinued operation for $6,000,000, at Mr. Billingsley’s request, the Company paid Mr. Billingsley his deferred executive compensation of $1,497,731 gross, before payroll taxes. The deferred payment was comprised of (i) $907,731 of accrued and unpaid salary, (ii) $190,000 of accrued and unpaid sick pay, and (iii) $400,000 of accrued and unpaid vacation pay. Additionally, Mr. Billingsley was paid (i) $82,377 in officer relocation expenses accrued since 2020 and (ii) $110,731 gross, before payroll taxes, in officer auto benefits. With the exception of severance, vacation, and sick pay that continues to routinely accrue, all deferred and accrued amounts have been paid in full. Mr. Billingsley’s benefit package was approved by the court in the 1998 Chapter 11 bankruptcy order, as approved by the Company’s shareholders, to incentivize Mr. Billingsley to remain with the Company.

(2) Mr. Billingsley received $8,625 in compensation for his service as a member of Mentor’s Board of Directors. Mr. Billingsley was paid $1,000 for his attendance at three regular quarterly Board meetings. On October 14, 2023, regular board meeting fees were increased to $2,500, and minor action fees were increased to $625. Mr. Billingsley was paid $2,500 for his attendance at one regular quarterly Board meeting and one special meeting. He was paid $125 for his attendance at the Company’s annual Audit Committee meeting held in 2023, paid $250 for one unanimous written consent, and paid $250 for his certification regarding our discontinued operation in 2023. Mr. Billingsley received $46,565 interest for deferred and unpaid relocation expenses and $137,365 in previously accrued unpaid medical expenses. Because relocation expenses are now paid in full, no interest will accrue in future periods. Mr. Billingsley was paid $1,000 for his attendance at the four regular quarterly Board meetings and $250 for his attendance at the annual Audit Committee meeting held in 2022.

(3) In 2023, our accrual for estimated retirement and other benefits to Mr. Billingsley increased by $349,039. This consisted of $5,000 accrued sick pay, $15,000 accrued vacation pay, and $342,488 accrued officer severance pay, less a reduction of accrued relocation costs of $13,449 due to payment of the previously accrued costs. In 2022, our accrual for estimated retirement and other benefits to Mr. Billingsley increased by $13,033. This consisted of $3,589 accrued medical and life insurance, $4,077 accrued sick pay, $12,231 accrued vacation pay, $8,664 accrued officer severance pay, and $2,404 interest on unpaid officer relocation expense, less a reduction on accrued relocation costs of $17,932 due to payment of the previously accrued costs.

Director Compensation

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of directors of Mentor, other than Mr. Billingsley, for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(1) Each director was paid $1,000 for their attendance at three regular quarterly Board meetings. On October 14, 2023, regular board meeting fees were increased to $2,500, and minor action fees were increased to $625. Each director was paid $2,500 for their attendance at one regular quarterly Board meeting and one special meeting. Each director was paid $250 for one unanimous written consent. Mr. Carlile was paid $250 for his attendance at the Company’s annual Audit Committee meeting held in 2023. Mr. Meyer was paid $250 for his certification regarding our discontinued operation in 2023.

Mentor does not currently have any equity incentive plan in place for officers, directors, or employees. As an emerging growth company, we are not required to report pay versus performance.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Beneficial Ownership of Directors, Officers, and 5% Stockholders

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage of ownership of that person, shares of Common Stock subject to options and warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days are deemed outstanding even if they have not actually been exercised. Those shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The following table sets forth certain information as to shares of our Common Stock owned by (i) each person known to beneficially own more than five percent of our outstanding Common Stock or Preferred Stock, (ii) each of our directors and executive officers named in our summary compensation table, and (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

The percent ownership information presented in the table below is based on the total number of shares of Mentor’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 28, 2024, which was 24,686,105.

(1) In addition to 2,126,296 shares of Common Stock, Mr. Billingsley also holds 47,274 Series D warrants exercisable at $0.02 per share. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Mr. Billingsley has not exercised any of these Series D warrants.

(2) In addition to 864,834 shares of Common Stock, Mr. Meyer also holds 438,955 Series D warrants exercisable at $0.02 per share. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Mr. Meyer has not exercised any of these Series D warrants.

(3) In addition to 359,107 shares of Common Stock, Mr. Carlile holds 2,500 Series D warrants exercisable at $0.02 per share. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Mr. Carlile has not exercised any of these Series D warrants.

(4) In addition to 87,418 shares of Common Stock, Ms. Stansfield holds 190,000 Series D warrants exercisable at $0.02 per share. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Ms. Stansfield has not exercised any of these Series D warrants.

(5) The Percentage of Class ownership of Mr. Billingsley, Mr. Meyer, Mr. Carlile, and Ms. Stansfield is calculated based on the total number of outstanding shares of Common Stock (24,686,105) and Series D warrants (4,250,000).

(6) Calculated based on the diluted Percentage of Class ownership of the Registrant’s management, executive officers, and directors.

If an individual or entity tried to take control of the Company, Mr. Billingsley is authorized to obtain a loan from the Company to pay for the exercise of his unexercised Series D warrants.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Except as disclosed below, between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, there were no transactions, and there are no proposed transactions in which we were or are to be a participant, involving an amount in excess of $120,000, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Mr. Billingsley acts as both the Chief Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company. Ms. Stansfield acts as Treasurer of the Board of Directors of the Company, and from time to time, she provides professional financial consulting services to the Company. Mr. Meyer acts as the Company’s Secretary but is not paid for his role and is not a Company employee. With the exception of Mr. Billingsley and Ms. Stansfield, all directors are independent directors under the adopted definition of independence from the NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15). The directors are all shareholders of the Company. Mr. Carlile is the sole independent director on the Audit Committee.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The following table summarizes the fees, as applicable, of BF Borgers CPA PC, our independent auditor, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our Board has adopted a procedure for pre-approval of all fees charged by our independent auditors. Under the procedure, the Chairman of the Board approves the engagement letter with respect to audit, tax, and review services. Other fees are subject to pre-approval by the Board or, in the period between meetings, by a designated member of the Board. Any such approval by the designated member is disclosed to the entire Board at the next meeting. The audit and tax fees paid to the auditors with respect to 2023 and 2022 were pre-approved by the entire Board.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Financial Statements

The Company is filing the following financial statements with this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Item 16. Form 10–K Summary.

None.

Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report for the period ending December 31, 2023 on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and the board of directors of Mentor Capital, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mentor Capital, Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Mentor Capital, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2023 and 2022